Adjective

Definition

Adjective is a word which qualifies noun or pronoun.
संज्ञा व सर्वनाम की विशेषता बताने वाले शब्द विशेषण कहलाते है |
Ex. Good, bad, green, Indian, etc.

Uses of Adjective:-

1. Attributive use:-

If Adjective comes before any noun then it’s called Attribute use of adjective.

Ex. He is an intelligent student.
      This is a red pen.

2. Predicative use:-

If Adjective comes after any noun then it’s called Predicative use of Adjective.

Ex. He is intelligent.
      This pen is red.

Kind of Adjective

There are ten types of Adjective.

1. Proper Adjective
2. Descriptive Adjective(Qualitative Adjective)
3. Quantitative Adjective
4. Numeral Adjective
5. Demonstrative Adjective
6. Distributive Adjective
7. Possessive Adjective
8. Emphasizing Adjective
9. Interrogative Adjective
10. Exclamatory Adjective

1. Proper Adjective:-

Proper adjectives are made up of proper noun.
Ex. Indian, Russian etc.

Note:- Adding suffix (_i,_ese,_ian,_ish,_n,_vian, etc.) to the proper noun ,we can make proper adjective.

America - American
Asia – Asian
Bihar – Bihari
Japan – Japanese
Bengal – Bengali
Russia – Russian
Madras – Madrasi

2. Descriptive Adjective(Qualitative Adjective):-

Adjective that shows general description of any noun present in the sentence like- shape, size, purpose, age, colour, origin and material then it’s called Descriptive Adjective.

Note:-

When we use two Descriptive Adjectives for one noun then we follow the following order

a. Adjective of size {like- big, small, long, short, etc.}
b. Adjective of general description {like-bad, good, sharp, fine, etc.}
c. Adjective of age {like- young, old, modern, ancient, etc.}
d. Adjective of shape {like- spherical, round, rectangular, etc.}
e. Adjective of colour {like- blue, red, yellow, green, etc.}
f. Adjective of origin {like- Indian, American, etc.}
g. Adjective of material {like- iron, steel, plastic, etc.}
h. Adjective of purpose {like- walking, moving, etc.}

Ex.  Her long black hair
        A tall black man

3. Quantitative Adjective:-

When adjective shows the quantity in the sentence, it’s called quantitative adjective. We always use quantitative adjective with material noun.

Much, a good deal of, a great deal of, little, enough, all, no and some are quantitative adjectives.

Ex. The baby has drunk much milk.
Merchant has sold the whole furniture.

4. Numeral Adjective:-

When adjective shows the number in the sentence, it’s called Numeral adjective. We always use Numeral adjective with countable noun.

Many, A good many, a number of, few, enough, all, some and no etc. are Numeral adjectives.

Ex. There are some boys in my classroom.
       I have few books of English.

There are two type of Numeral Adjective

1) Definite Numeral Adjective

a) Cardinal- One, two, three, etc.
b) Ordinal- First, second, third, etc.
c) Multiplicative- Single, double, triple, etc.

Note:- if above three Adjectives are used in a sentence then follow the order like:-

Ordinal + Cardinal + Multiplicative

Ex:- I have read the first four chapter.
We have to vacate the first five single rooms.

2) Indefinite Numeral Adjective

Many, several, numerous, some, enough, a good many, a great many, many a/an, A lot of, Lots of, plenty of, etc.

Note: - if Definite Numeral Adjective is used with Indefinite Numeral Adjective then the order will be :-
Indefinite + Definite Adjective

Ex :- There are various single rooms.

5. Demonstrative Adjective:-

 Demonstrative adjectives are adjectives that are used to modify a noun so that we know which specific person, place, or thing is mentioned
This, That, These, Those, Certain, Other, Such, Any are Demonstrative Adjective.

⇒Singular noun is used with "This" and "That"
ex.- This pen is red.
      That house is costly.

⇒Plural noun is used with "These", "Those"," Certain" and "Other"
ex.-These Boys are good.
     Those Boys are good.
    Certain Boys are good.
    Other Boys are good.

⇒Both singular and plural nouns are used with "Such" and "Any"
ex.- Such boy is good.
       Such boys are good.

⇒"Another is used with singular noun" but "other is used with plural noun."
ex.-I have done another job.
      I have done other jobs.

⇒ "Any other" is used with Both singular and plural nouns in negative sentence.
ex.- I have not done any other job.
       I have not done any other jobs.

6. Distributive Adjective: -

 An Adjective used to refer to each and every person or thing separately is called Distributive Adjective.
Each, Every, Either, Neither  are Distributive Adjective

⇒ Each = दो या दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों अथवा वस्तुओ में से हर एक
⇒ Every =दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों अथवा वस्तुओ में से हर एक
⇒ Either =दो में से हर एक
⇒ Neither =दो में से कोई नहीं

Singular noun and singular verb are used with Each, Every, Either, Neither       

ex.- Each boy has come.
       Every boy has come.
       Either boy can do the sum.
       Neither pen writes well.

7. Possessive Adjective:-

A possessive adjective is an adjective that is used to show ownership. It comes before a noun in the sentence and lets us know to whom the noun belongs.
my, our, your, his, her, its, their are Possessive Adjective.

ex- this is your pen.
       My Pen is red but your pen is black.
       My Pen is red but yours is black.

⇒Possessive Adjective + Noun = Possessive Pronoun
This house is yours. (=Your house)
This book is mine. (=My book)

8. Emphasizing Adjective:-

Emphasizing Adjectives are the words to emphasize a noun. 'Very' and 'own' are the most commonly used emphasizing adjectives which are used to emphasize some idea.

Ex.- I saw him with my own eyes.
        This is the very boy who has done this work.
       He comes here this very day
       This is his own idea.

9. Interrogative Adjective:-

Interrogative Adjective is used with nouns to ask questions. What, whose, where, why, how and which are Interrogative Adjectives.

ex. Which pen is the best.?
       Whose beg is this.?

10. Exclamatory Adjective:-

Exclamatory Adjectives indicate strong emotion. Exclamatory Adjective is used with noun. Usually word 'what' is used to express strong emotion that is the word 'what' is used as an exclamatory adjective.

ex.- What a fine day!
        What nonsense this is!
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